Who Governs The Governors?

OUBAS

EPISODE 17OMNICHANNEL MEDIA PACK

Who Governs The Governors?

Constitutional Supremacy, Parliamentary Accountability and the Separation of Powers

WHO GOVERNS THE GOVERNORS?Constitutional Supremacy, Parliamentary Accountability and the Separation of Powers

Central question: Who Governs The Governors?

Educational frame: Constitutional Supremacy, Parliamentary Accountability and the Separation of Powers

• democracies adopt different constitutional models.
• South Africa operates under constitutional supremacy.
• the United Kingdom traditionally follows parliamentary sovereignty.
• constitutional design always seeks to balance rights, accountability and effective government.
• institutions should continually strive to improve the service they provide to the people.

Editorial boundary: This episode educates and asks questions. It does not convert a case study, recollection, interpretation or disputed allegation into an adjudicated fact. Viewers should examine the applicable records, law and verified evidence.

Shared closing

Knowledge grows when it is shared. Institutions improve when people participate.Join the conversation at www.oubas.org.

[OPENING QUESTION]

Who Governs The Governors? Every democratic nation must answer one fundamental question: Who should ultimately exercise public power? Should it be: the people through elections? Parliament? the Executive? the Judiciary? or the Constitution itself? Different countries answer this question differently. There is no single constitutional model adopted by every democracy.

[CONSTITUTIONAL SUPREMACY VS PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY]

Broadly speaking, democracies tend to follow one of two constitutional traditions. Parliamentary Sovereignty Under this model, Parliament is the supreme law-making authority. Courts generally apply Acts of Parliament rather than invalidate them. The United Kingdom is the classic example of this constitutional tradition. Constitutional Supremacy Under this model, the Constitution is the highest law. All public power—including that exercised by Parliament, the Executive and other state institutions—must comply with the Constitution. Courts have authority to determine whether legislation or government conduct is constitutionally valid. South Africa adopted this model after 1994.

[WHAT CAN SOUTH AFRICA LEARN?]

No constitutional system is perfect. Every democracy faces its own challenges. Some systems emphasise parliamentary authority. Others emphasise constitutional review. Some rely more heavily on courts. Others place greater responsibility on elected institutions. The important question is not which model is perfect. The important question is: Which constitutional arrangements best protect rights, promote accountability and improve the lives of the people?

[THE CASE STUDY]

Recent constitutional litigation in South Africa has generated public debate about the relationship between Parliament, the Executive and the Judiciary. These discussions raise important educational questions: How should the separation of powers operate? When should courts intervene? How should democratic accountability and judicial independence be balanced? Should constitutional arrangements evolve as society changes? These are questions worthy of thoughtful public discussion.

[WHY THIS MATTERS]

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion. Just as technology, education and healthcare continue to evolve, constitutional democracies should continuously examine whether their institutions remain capable of meeting the needs of the people they serve.

[OUBAS ANALYSIS]

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion. Just as technology, education and healthcare continue to evolve, constitutional democracies should continuously examine whether their institutions remain capable of meeting the needs of the people they serve. That discussion should be evidence-based, respectful and conducted through lawful democratic processes.

[REFORM AND CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT]

OUBAS proposes that South Africa encourage broader public constitutional education and informed discussion on questions such as: How should institutional performance be measured? How should accountability be strengthened? How should judicial independence and democratic accountability be balanced? Should public participation in constitutional review processes be expanded? How can constitutional institutions continue to innovate while remaining faithful to constitutional values? Reform is strongest when it is informed, participatory and grounded in constitutional processes.

[KEY LESSONS]

1. democracies adopt different constitutional models. 2. South Africa operates under constitutional supremacy. 3. the United Kingdom traditionally follows parliamentary sovereignty. 4. constitutional design always seeks to balance rights, accountability and effective government. 5. institutions should continually strive to improve the service they provide to the people.

[CLOSING]

This is Episode 17 of OUBAS. Continue learning, share your experience and join the public discussion at oubas.org. Knowledge grows when it is shared. Institutions improve when people participate.

YouTube description

Episode 17 asks: Who Governs The Governors?Constitutional Supremacy, Parliamentary Accountability and the Separation of Powers. This educational episode explains the core concepts, uses a case study to develop critical thinking, and invites viewers to examine information before reaching conclusions.Read the episode, complete the knowledge check and public survey, and share your experience at www.oubas.org.#OUBAS #Evidence #Accountability #Governs #Governors

[0:00–0:08] HOOK

Who Governs The Governors?

[0:08–0:28] EXPLAIN

Broadly speaking, democracies tend to follow one of two constitutional traditions. Parliamentary Sovereignty Under this model, Parliament is the supreme law-making authority. Courts generally apply Acts of Parliament rather than invalidate them. The United Kingdom is the classic example of this constitutional tradition. Constitutional Supremacy Under this model, the Constitution is the highest law.

[0:28–0:52] WHY IT MATTERS

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion.

[0:52–1:12] OUBAS VIEW

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another.

[1:12–1:25] CLOSE

Episode 17 is available at oubas.org. Examine the information, ask informed questions and join the conversation. Knowledge grows when it is shared.

Instagram caption

WHO GOVERNS THE GOVERNORS?Constitutional Supremacy, Parliamentary Accountability and the Separation of Powers. Episode 17 invites you to understand the issue, examine the information and participate in an evidence-conscious discussion.Read the full episode and complete the public survey at www.oubas.org.#OUBAS #Evidence #Accountability #Governs #Governors

[0:00–0:15] OPEN

Who Governs The Governors? Every democratic nation must answer one fundamental question: Who should ultimately exercise public power? Should it be: the people through elections? Parliament? the Executive? the Judiciary? or the Constitution itself? Different countries answer this question differently. There is no single constitutional model adopted by every democracy.

[0:15–1:05] UNDERSTAND THE ISSUE

Broadly speaking, democracies tend to follow one of two constitutional traditions. Parliamentary Sovereignty Under this model, Parliament is the supreme law-making authority. Courts generally apply Acts of Parliament rather than invalidate them. The United Kingdom is the classic example of this constitutional tradition. Constitutional Supremacy Under this model, the Constitution is the highest law. All public power—including that exercised by Parliament, the Executive and other state institutions—must comply with the Constitution. Courts have authority to determine whether legislation or government conduct is constitutionally valid. South Africa adopted this model after 1994. No constitutional system is perfect. Every democracy faces its own challenges.

[1:05–1:45] WHY IT MATTERS

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion. Just as technology, education and healthcare continue to evolve, constitutional democracies should continuously examine whether their institutions remain capable of meeting the needs of the people they serve.

[1:45–2:25] OUBAS ANALYSIS

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion. Just as technology, education and healthcare continue to evolve, constitutional democracies should continuously examine whether their institutions remain capable of meeting the needs of the people they serve. That discussion should be evidence-based, respectful and conducted through lawful democratic processes.

[2:25–2:45] CLOSE

Read Episode 17, complete the knowledge check and tell us about your experience at oubas.org. Knowledge grows when it is shared. Institutions improve when people participate.

Facebook post copy

EPISODE 17: WHO GOVERNS THE GOVERNORS?Constitutional Supremacy, Parliamentary Accountability and the Separation of Powers.OUBAS believes that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion.OUBAS exists to educate, stimulate informed discussion and inspire practical solutions. Read the complete episode and participate at www.oubas.org.#OUBAS #Evidence #Accountability #Governs #Governors

[0:00–0:15] PROFESSIONAL HOOK

Who Governs The Governors? Every democratic nation must answer one fundamental question: Who should ultimately exercise public power? Should it be: the people through elections? Parliament? the Executive? the Judiciary? or the Constitution itself? Different countries answer this question differently. There is no single constitutional model adopted by every democracy.

[0:15–0:55] CONTEXT

Broadly speaking, democracies tend to follow one of two constitutional traditions. Parliamentary Sovereignty Under this model, Parliament is the supreme law-making authority. Courts generally apply Acts of Parliament rather than invalidate them. The United Kingdom is the classic example of this constitutional tradition. Constitutional Supremacy Under this model, the Constitution is the highest law. All public power—including that exercised by Parliament, the Executive and other state institutions—must comply with the Constitution. Courts have authority to determine whether legislation or government conduct is constitutionally valid. South Africa adopted this model after 1994. No constitutional system is perfect. Every democracy faces its own challenges.

[0:55–1:35] INSTITUTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion. Just as technology, education and healthcare continue to evolve, constitutional democracies should continuously examine whether their institutions remain capable of meeting the needs of the people they serve.

[1:35–2:10] OUBAS ANALYSIS

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion.

[2:10–2:35] CONSTRUCTIVE REFORM

OUBAS proposes that South Africa encourage broader public constitutional education and informed discussion on questions such as: How should institutional performance be measured? How should accountability be strengthened? How should judicial independence and democratic accountability be balanced? Should public participation in constitutional review processes be expanded? How can constitutional institutions continue to innovate while remaining faithful to constitutional values?

[2:35–2:50] CLOSE

Read Episode 17 at oubas.org, examine the underlying information and add your professional perspective. Knowledge grows when it is shared. Institutions improve when people participate.

LinkedIn post copy

EPISODE 17: WHO GOVERNS THE GOVERNORS?Constitutional Supremacy, Parliamentary Accountability and the Separation of Powers.OUBAS believes that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion.OUBAS believes that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion.OUBAS invites professionals, institutions, researchers and members of the public to examine the information, distinguish evidence from assumption and contribute practical, informed solutions.Read the full episode and join the discussion at www.oubas.org.#OUBAS #Evidence #Accountability #Governs #Governors #InstitutionalLearning #ProfessionalDialogue

[0:00–0:04] HOOK

Who Governs The Governors?

[0:04–0:22] CORE IDEA

Broadly speaking, democracies tend to follow one of two constitutional traditions. Parliamentary Sovereignty Under this model, Parliament is the supreme law-making authority. Courts generally apply Acts of Parliament rather than invalidate them. The United Kingdom is the classic example of this constitutional tradition.

[0:22–0:42] WHY IT MATTERS

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters.

[0:42–0:55] PRINCIPLE

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters.

[0:55–1:03] CLOSE

Explore Episode 17 at oubas.org. Ask informed questions. Examine the evidence. Join the conversation.

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Who Governs The Governors? Episode 17 explains why this matters—and why informed questions must come before conclusions. www.oubas.org#OUBAS #Evidence #Accountability #Governs #Governors

Rapid on-screen text

• WHO GOVERNS THE GOVERNORS?
• CONSTITUTIONAL SUPREMACY, PARLIAMENTARY ACCOUNTABILITY AND THE SEPARATION OF POWERS
• ASK INFORMED QUESTIONS
• EXAMINE THE INFORMATION
• PARTICIPATE AT OUBAS.ORG

POST 1/5 — QUESTION

Episode 17: Who Governs The Governors? Every democratic nation must answer one fundamental question: Who should ultimately exercise public power? Should it be: the people through elections? Parliament? the Executive? the Judiciary?

POST 2/5 — CORE IDEA

Broadly speaking, democracies tend to follow one of two constitutional traditions. Parliamentary Sovereignty Under this model, Parliament is the supreme law-making authority. Courts generally apply Acts of Parliament rather than invalidate them.

POST 3/5 — WHY IT MATTERS

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters.

POST 4/5 — OUBAS PRINCIPLE

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters.

POST 5/5 — PARTICIPATE

Read Episode 17 at www.oubas.org. Examine the information, ask informed questions and share practical insight. Knowledge grows when it is shared. #OUBAS #Evidence #Accountability #Governs #Governors

THREAD 1/4

Who Governs The Governors? Every democratic nation must answer one fundamental question: Who should ultimately exercise public power? Should it be: the people through elections? Parliament? the Executive? the Judiciary? or the Constitution itself? Different countries answer this question differently. There is no single constitutional model adopted by every democracy.

THREAD 2/4 — UNDERSTAND

Broadly speaking, democracies tend to follow one of two constitutional traditions. Parliamentary Sovereignty Under this model, Parliament is the supreme law-making authority. Courts generally apply Acts of Parliament rather than invalidate them. The United Kingdom is the classic example of this constitutional tradition. Constitutional Supremacy Under this model, the Constitution is the highest law. All public power—including that exercised by Parliament, the Executive and other state institutions—must comply with the Constitution.

THREAD 3/4 — CONSIDER

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion. At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another.

THREAD 4/4 — ACT

Read Episode 17 at www.oubas.org. What does your experience or professional knowledge add to this discussion? Examine the information before reaching conclusions. #OUBAS #Evidence #Accountability #Governs #Governors

WhatsApp Channel post

*OUBAS EPISODE 17: WHO GOVERNS THE GOVERNORS?*Constitutional Supremacy, Parliamentary Accountability and the Separation of Powers.OUBAS believes that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion.Read the full episode, examine the information and participate at www.oubas.org.Knowledge grows when it is shared. Institutions improve when people participate.

WhatsApp voice-note script

[45–60 SECONDS]

Welcome to OUBAS Episode 17. Who Governs The Governors? Broadly speaking, democracies tend to follow one of two constitutional traditions. Parliamentary Sovereignty Under this model, Parliament is the supreme law-making authority. Courts generally apply Acts of Parliament rather than invalidate them. The United Kingdom is the classic example of this constitutional tradition. Constitutional Supremacy Under this model, the Constitution is the highest law. At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. Explore the complete episode at oubas.org. Ask informed questions, examine the information and share this episode responsibly.

[AUDIO OPEN]

Welcome to OUBAS, and to Episode 17: Who Governs The Governors?. Every democratic nation must answer one fundamental question: Who should ultimately exercise public power? Should it be: the people through elections? Parliament? the Executive? the Judiciary? or the Constitution itself? Different countries answer this question differently. There is no single constitutional model adopted by every democracy.

[THE CORE CONCEPT]

Broadly speaking, democracies tend to follow one of two constitutional traditions. Parliamentary Sovereignty Under this model, Parliament is the supreme law-making authority. Courts generally apply Acts of Parliament rather than invalidate them. The United Kingdom is the classic example of this constitutional tradition. Constitutional Supremacy Under this model, the Constitution is the highest law. All public power—including that exercised by Parliament, the Executive and other state institutions—must comply with the Constitution. Courts have authority to determine whether legislation or government conduct is constitutionally valid. South Africa adopted this model after 1994. No constitutional system is perfect. Every democracy faces its own challenges.

[WHY THIS MATTERS]

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion. Just as technology, education and healthcare continue to evolve, constitutional democracies should continuously examine whether their institutions remain capable of meeting the needs of the people they serve.

[OUBAS ANALYSIS]

At OUBAS, we believe that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion. Just as technology, education and healthcare continue to evolve, constitutional democracies should continuously examine whether their institutions remain capable of meeting the needs of the people they serve. That discussion should be evidence-based, respectful and conducted through lawful democratic processes.

[CONSTRUCTIVE REFORM]

OUBAS proposes that South Africa encourage broader public constitutional education and informed discussion on questions such as: How should institutional performance be measured? How should accountability be strengthened? How should judicial independence and democratic accountability be balanced? Should public participation in constitutional review processes be expanded? How can constitutional institutions continue to innovate while remaining faithful to constitutional values? Reform is strongest when it is informed, participatory and grounded in constitutional processes.

[KEY TAKEAWAYS]

1. democracies adopt different constitutional models. 2. South Africa operates under constitutional supremacy. 3. the United Kingdom traditionally follows parliamentary sovereignty. 4. constitutional design always seeks to balance rights, accountability and effective government. 5. institutions should continually strive to improve the service they provide to the people.

[AUDIO CLOSE]

Read the complete Episode 17, complete the knowledge check and join the public discussion at www.oubas.org. Follow OUBAS on your preferred platform. Knowledge grows when it is shared. Institutions improve when people participate.

Podcast episode description

OUBAS Episode 17: Who Governs The Governors?Constitutional Supremacy, Parliamentary Accountability and the Separation of Powers. OUBAS believes that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion.Read the full episode and participate at www.oubas.org.Educational notice: examine the relevant records, law and verified evidence before reaching conclusions.

Email body

Dear OUBAS Reader,Episode 17 asks an important question: Who Governs The Governors?Every democratic nation must answer one fundamental question: Who should ultimately exercise public power? Should it be: the people through elections? Parliament? the Executive? the Judiciary? or the Constitution itself? Different countries answer this question differently. There is no single constitutional model adopted by every democracy.WHAT TO UNDERSTANDBroadly speaking, democracies tend to follow one of two constitutional traditions. Parliamentary Sovereignty Under this model, Parliament is the supreme law-making authority. Courts generally apply Acts of Parliament rather than invalidate them. The United Kingdom is the classic example of this constitutional tradition. Constitutional Supremacy Under this model, the Constitution is the highest law. All public power—including that exercised by Parliament, the Executive and other state institutions—must comply with the Constitution. Courts have authority to determine whether legislation or government conduct is constitutionally valid. South Africa adopted this model after 1994. No constitutional system is perfect. Every democracy faces its own challenges.WHY IT MATTERSOUBAS believes that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion. Just as technology, education and healthcare continue to evolve, constitutional democracies should continuously examine whether their institutions remain capable of meeting the needs of the people they serve.THE OUBAS PERSPECTIVEOUBAS believes that constitutions exist to serve people—not the other way around. Every institution should therefore be assessed by the outcomes it produces for society. Strong constitutional rights matter. Independent courts matter. Democratic accountability matters. Effective public administration matters. These values should reinforce one another rather than compete with one another. OUBAS also believes that constitutional arrangements should never be regarded as beyond discussion. Just as technology, education and healthcare continue to evolve, constitutional democracies should continuously examine whether their institutions remain capable of meeting the needs of the people they serve.CONSTRUCTIVE REFORMOUBAS proposes that South Africa encourage broader public constitutional education and informed discussion on questions such as: How should institutional performance be measured? How should accountability be strengthened? How should judicial independence and democratic accountability be balanced? Should public participation in constitutional review processes be expanded? How can constitutional institutions continue to innovate while remaining faithful to constitutional values? Reform is strongest when it is informed, participatory and grounded in constitutional processes.Read the complete episode, complete the knowledge check and share your informed perspective at www.oubas.org.Knowledge grows when it is shared. Institutions improve when people participate.OUBAS

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OUBAS EPISODE 17Who Governs The Governors?Read • Watch • Learn • Participatewww.oubas.orgKNOWLEDGE GROWS WHEN IT IS SHARED.INSTITUTIONS IMPROVE WHEN PEOPLE PARTICIPATE.

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